Method and apparatus for transmitting reference signal in wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting a reference signal by a transmitting side in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas. Specifically, the present invention comprises a step of transmitting a first reference signal for a plurality of first domain antennas and a second reference signal for a plurality of second domain antennas, wherein the second reference signal is used for antennas included in the second domain antennas except for antennas included in the first domain antennas and a particular antenna port, and the particular antenna port is selected from antenna ports included in multiple antennas except for the first domain antennas and the second domain antennas.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2014/006308, filed on Jul. 14, 2014, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/846,601, filed on Jul. 15, 2013, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into the present application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas.

BACKGROUND ART

MIMO (multi-input multi-output) technology means a method of improving data transceiving efficiency by adopting multiple transmitting antennas and multiple receiving antennas instead of a single transmitting antenna and a single receiving antenna. In particular, this technology increases capacity or enhances performance using multiple antennas in a transmitting or receiving end of a wireless communication system. This MIMO technology may be called multi-antenna technology.

In order to support MIMO transmission, it may be able to use a precoding matrix to appropriately distribute transmission information to each antenna in accordance with a channel status and the like. In the conventional 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) system, maximum 4 transmitting antennas are supported for downlink transmission and a corresponding precoding codebook is defined.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Technical Task

Based on the above-described discussion, a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas will hereinafter be proposed.

Technical tasks obtainable from the present invention are non-limited by the above-mentioned technical task. And, other unmentioned technical tasks can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.

Technical Solutions

In a 1^(st) technical aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a method of transmitting a reference signal, which is transmitted by a transmitting end in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, including the step of transmitting a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas and a specific antenna port and wherein the specific antenna port is selected from antenna ports among antenna ports included in the multiple antennas except the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas.

Preferably, the 1^(st) reference signal and the 2^(nd) reference signal may be used by a receiving end to restore entire channels of the multiple antennas through Kronecker product.

Preferably, the reference signal may correspond to a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)

Preferably, the 1^(st) domain antennas correspond to either vertical antennas or horizontal antennas, the 2^(nd) domain antennas correspond to either the vertical antennas or the horizontal antennas, and the 1^(st) domain antennas are different from the 2^(nd) domain antennas.

Preferably, the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas are configured through RRC (Radio resource control) signaling.

In a 2^(nd) technical aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a method of transmitting a reference signal, which is transmitted by a transmitting end in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, including the step of transmitting a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas and wherein transmission power of resource elements (REs) having the 2^(nd) reference signal mapped thereto is power-boosted as much as

$\sqrt{\frac{N}{N - 1}},$ where the N is the number of antennas belonging to both of the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas.

In a 3^(rd) technical aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a method of transmitting a reference signal, which is transmitted by a transmitting end in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, including the step of transmitting a 1^(st) reference signal related to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal related to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas, wherein the 1^(st) reference signal is used for 1^(st) antenna ports of which the number is equal to or greater than the number of the 1^(st) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for 2^(nd) antenna ports of which the number is equal to or greater than the number of the 2^(nd) domain antennas, and wherein among the 1^(st) antenna ports and the 2^(nd) antenna ports, antenna ports not corresponding to the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas are configured to correspond to antenna ports among antenna ports included in the multiple antennas except the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas through RRC (radio resource control) signaling.

In a 4^(th) technical aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a transmitter for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, including a radio frequency unit and a processor configured to transmit a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas and a specific antenna port and wherein the specific antenna port is selected from antenna ports among antenna ports included in the multiple antennas except the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas.

Advantageous Effects

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a reference signal can be efficiently transmitted in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas.

Effects obtainable from the present invention are non-limited by the above mentioned effect. And, other unmentioned effects can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram to describe a structure of a downlink radio frame.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for one example of a resource grid for one downlink slot.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for a structure of a downlink subframe.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for a structure of an uplink subframe.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for a pattern of a common reference signal (CRS).

FIG. 6 is a diagram to describe a shift of a reference signal pattern.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are diagrams to describe a resource element group (REG) corresponding to a unit to which downlink control channels are assigned.

FIG. 9 is a diagram to illustrate a scheme of transmitting PCFICH.

FIG. 10 is a diagram to illustrate locations of PCFICH and PHICH.

FIG. 11 is a diagram to illustrate a location of a downlink resource element to which a PHICH group is mapped.

FIG. 12 is a diagram for a structure of a transmitter according to an SC-FDMA scheme.

FIG. 13 is a diagram to describe a scheme of mapping a DFT-processed signal into a frequency domain.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram to describe a process for transmission of a reference signal.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for a location of a symbol to which a reference signal is mapped.

FIGS. 16 to 19 are diagrams to describe a clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme.

FIG. 20 is a diagram for a structure of an MIMO system.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram to describe functionality of an MIMO system.

FIG. 22 is a diagram to describe a basic concept of codebook based precoding.

FIG. 23 is a diagram for examples of configurations of 8 transmitting antennas.

FIG. 24 is a reference diagram of a 2-dimensional active antenna system according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a reference diagram to describe an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a diagram for configurations of a base station device and a user equipment device according to the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR INVENTION

First of all, the following embodiments correspond to combinations of elements and features of the present invention in prescribed forms. And, the respective elements or features may be considered as selective unless they are explicitly mentioned. Each of the elements or features can be implemented in a form failing to be combined with other elements or features. Moreover, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by combining elements and/or features together in part. A sequence of operations explained for each embodiment of the present invention may be modifiable. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment or substituted with corresponding configurations or features of another embodiment.

In this specification, embodiments of the present invention are described centering on the data transmission/reception relations between a base station and a terminal. In this case, the base station may be meaningful as a terminal node of a network which directly performs communication with the terminal. In this disclosure, a specific operation explained as performed by a base station may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

In particular, in a network constructed with a plurality of network nodes including a base station, it is apparent that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by a base station or other networks except the base station. ‘Base station (BS)’ may be substituted with such a terminology as a fixed station, a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), an access point (AP) and the like. Moreover, in this specification, a terminology called a base station may be conceptionally used as including a cell or a sector. Meanwhile, a relay may be substituted with such a terminology as a relay node (RN), a relay station (RS) and the like. And, ‘terminal’ may be substituted with such a terminology as a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS) and the like. In this specification, an uplink transmission entity may mean a terminal or a relay. And, an uplink reception entity may mean a base station or a relay. Similarly, a downlink transmission entity may mean a base station or a relay. And, a downlink reception entity may mean a terminal or a relay. So to speak, an uplink transmission may mean a transmission from a terminal to a base station, a transmission from a terminal to a relay, or a transmission from a relay to a base station. Similarly, a downlink transmission may mean a transmission from a base station to a terminal, a transmission from a base station to a relay, or a transmission from a relay to a terminal.

Specific terminologies used for the following description may be provided to help the understanding of the present invention. And, the use of the specific terminology may be modified into other forms within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

Occasionally, to prevent the present invention from getting vaguer, structures and/or devices known to the public may be skipped or represented as block diagrams centering on the core functions of the structures and/or devices. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts in this specification.

Embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the disclosed standard documents of at least one of wireless access systems including IEEE 802 system, 3GPP system, 3GPP LTE and LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) system and 3GPP2 system. In particular, the steps or parts, which are not explained to clearly reveal the technical idea of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention may be supported by the above documents. Moreover, all terminologies disclosed in this document may be supported by the above standard documents.

The following description of embodiments of the present invention may apply to various wireless access systems including CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) and the like. CDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access), CDMA 2000 and the like. TDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as GSM/GPRS/EDGE (Global System for Mobile communications)/General Packet Radio Service/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with such a radio technology as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA), etc. UTRA is a part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. The 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA in downlink (hereinafter abbreviated) DL and SC-FDMA in uplink (hereinafter abbreviated UL). And, LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. WiMAX may be explained by IEEE 802.16e standard (e.g., WirelessMAN-OFDMA reference system) and advanced IEEE 802.16m standard (e.g., WirelessMAN-OFDMA advanced system). For clarity, the following description mainly concerns 3GPP LTE system or 3GPP LTE-A system, by which the technical idea of the present invention may be non-limited.

A structure of a downlink (DL) radio frame is described with reference to FIG. 1 as follows.

In a cellular OFDM radio packet communication system, UL/DL (uplink/downlink) data packet transmission is performed by a unit of subframe. And, one subframe is defined as a predetermined time interval including a plurality of OFDM symbols. In the 3GPP LTE standard, a type-1 radio frame structure applicable to FDD (frequency division duplex) and a type-2 radio frame structure applicable to TDD (time division duplex) are supported.

FIG. 1 (a) is a diagram for a structure of a downlink radio frame of type 1. A DL (downlink) radio frame includes 10 subframes. Each of the subframes includes 2 slots. And, a time taken to transmit one subframe is defined as a transmission time interval (hereinafter abbreviated TTI). For instance, one subframe may have a length of 1 ms and one slot may have a length of 0.5 ms. One slot may include a plurality of OFDM symbols in time domain or may include a plurality of resource blocks (RBs) in frequency domain. Since 3GPP system uses OFDMA in downlink, OFDM symbol indicates one symbol duration. The OFDM symbol may be named SC-FDMA symbol or symbol duration. Resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit and may include a plurality of contiguous subcarriers in one slot.

The number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may vary in accordance with a configuration of CP. The CP may be categorized into an extended CP and a normal CP. For instance, in case that OFDM symbols are configured by the normal CP, the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 7. In case that OFDM symbols are configured by the extended CP, since a length of one OFDM symbol increases, the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be smaller than that of the case of the normal CP. In case of the extended CP, for instance, the number of OFDM symbols included in one slot may be 6. If a channel status is unstable (e.g., a UE is moving at high speed), it may be able to use the extended CP to further reduce the inter-symbol interference.

When a normal CP is used, since one slot includes 7 OFDM symbols, one subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols. In this case, first 2 or 3 OFDM symbols of each subframe may be allocated to PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), while the rest of the OFDM symbols are allocated to PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel).

FIG. 1 (b) is a diagram for a structure of a downlink radio frame of type 2. A type-2 radio frame includes 2 half frames. Each of the half frame includes 5 subframes, DwPTS (downlink pilot time slot), GP (guard period) and UpPTS (uplink pilot time slot). And, one of the subframes includes 2 slots. The DwPTS is used for initial cell search, synchronization or channel estimation in a user equipment. The UpPTS is used for channel estimation in a base station and uplink transmission synchronization of a user equipment. The guard period is a period for eliminating interference generated in uplink due to multipath delay of a downlink signal between uplink and downlink. Meanwhile, 1 subframe is constructed with 2 slots irrespective of a type of a radio frame.

The above-described structures of the radio frame are just exemplary. And, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots included in the subframe and the number of symbols included in the slot may be modified in various ways.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for one example of a resource grid for a downlink (DL) slot. This corresponds to a case that OFDM symbol includes a normal CP. Referring to FIG. 2, a downlink slot includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in time domain and includes a plurality of resource blocks in frequency domain. In this case, for example, a single downlink slot includes 7 OFDM symbols and a single resource block includes 12 subcarriers, by which configurations of the downlink slot and the resource block are non-limited. Each element on a resource grid is called a resource element (RE). for instance, a resource element a (k, l) becomes a resource element located at k^(th) subcarrier and l^(th) OFDM symbol. In case of a normal CP, a single resource block includes 12×7 resource elements [in case of an extended CP, 12×6 resource elements are included]. Since an interval of each subcarrier is 15 kHz, a single resource block includes about 180 kHz in frequency domain. N^(DL) indicates the number of resource blocks included in a downlink slot. And, the value of N^(DL) may be determined depending on a downlink transmission bandwidth set up by scheduling of a base station.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for a structure of a downlink (DL) subframe. Maximum 3 OFDM symbols situated in a head part of a first slot of one subframe correspond to a control region to which a control channel is allocated. The rest of OFDM symbols correspond to a data region to which PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) is allocated. A basic unit of transmission becomes one subframe. In particular, PDCCH and PDSCH are assigned across 2 slots. Examples of DL control channels used by 3GPP LTE system may include PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PHICH (Physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator Channel) and the like. The PCFICH is transmitted in a first OFDM symbol of a subframe and includes information on the number of OFDM symbols used for a transmission of a control channel within the subframe. The PHICH includes HARQ ACK/NACK signal in response to a UL transmission. Control information carried on PDCCH may be called downlink control information (DCI). The DCI may include UL or DL scheduling information or a UL transmission power control command for a random UE (user equipment) group. The PDCCH may include transmission format and resource allocation information of DL-SCH (downlink shared channel), resource allocation information on UL-SCH (uplink shared channel), paging information on PCH (paging channel), system information on DL-SCH, resource allocation of such a higher layer control message as a random access response transmitted on PDSCH, transmission power control command set for individual UEs within a random UE group, transmission power control information, activation of VoIP (voice over IP) and the like. A plurality of PDCCHs can be transmitted within the control region. A user equipment may be able to monitor a plurality of the PDCCHs. The PDCCH is transmitted as an aggregation of at least one or more contiguous CCEs (control channel elements). The CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide the PDCCH at a coding rate based on a radio channel status. The CCE may correspond to a plurality of REGs (resource element groups). A format of the PDCCH and the number of available PDCCH bits may be determined in accordance with correlation between the number of CCEs and a coding rate provided by the CCE. A base station determines a PDCCH format in accordance with a DCI which is to be transmitted to a user equipment and attaches a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) to control information. The CRC is masked with an identifier named RNTI (radio network temporary identifier) in accordance with an owner or usage of the PDCCH. For instance, if the PDCCH is provided for a specific user equipment, the CRC may be masked with an identifier (e.g., cell-RNTI (C-RNTI)) of the corresponding user equipment. In case that the PDCCH is provided for a paging message, the CRC may be masked with a paging indicator identifier (e.g., P-RNTI). If the PDCCH is provided for system information (particularly, for a system information block (SIC)), the CRC may be masked with a system information identifier and a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI). In order to indicate a random access response to a transmission of a random access preamble of a user equipment, the CRC may be masked with RA-RNTI (random access-RNTI).

FIG. 4 is a diagram for a structure of an uplink (UL) subframe. A UL subframe may be divided into a control region and a data region in frequency domain. A physical UL control channel (PUCCH) including UL control information may be allocated to the control region. And, a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH) including user data may be allocated to the data region. In order to maintain single carrier property, one user equipment does not transmit PUCCH and PUSCH simultaneously. PUCCH for one user equipment may be allocated to a resource block pair (RB pair) in subframe. Resource blocks belonging to the resource block pair may occupy different subcarriers for 2 slots. Namely, a resource block pair allocated to PUCCH is frequency-hopped on a slot boundary.

Reference Signal

In MIMO system, each transmitting antenna has an independent data channel. A transmitting antenna may mean a virtual antenna or a physical antenna. A receiver receives data transmitted from each transmitting antenna in a manner of estimating a channel for the corresponding transmitting antenna. Channel estimation means a process for reconstructing a received signal by compensating for distortion of a signal caused by fading. In this case, the fading indicates an effect that strength of a signal rapidly fluctuates due to multipath-time delay in a wireless communication system environment. For the channel estimation, a reference signal known to both a transmitter and a receiver is necessary. The reference signal may be simply named RS or a pilot in accordance with an applicable standard.

In the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8 or -9 system, a downlink reference signal transmitted by a base station is defined. Downlink reference signal is a pilot signal for coherent demodulation of such a channel as PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared CHannel), PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel), PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator CHannel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control CHannel) and the like. The downlink reference signal may be categorized into a common reference signal (CRS) shared by all user equipments in a cell and a dedicated reference signal (DRS) for a specific user equipment only. The common reference signal may be called a cell-specific reference signal. And, the dedicated reference signal may be called a user equipment-specific (UE-specific) reference signal or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

Downlink reference signal assignment in the legacy 3GPP LTE system is described as follows. First of all, a position (i.e., a reference signal pattern) of a resource element for carrying a reference signal is described with reference to one resource block pair (i.e., ‘one subframe length in time domain’×‘12-subcarrier length in frequency domain’). A single subframe is configured with 14 OFDM symbols (in case of a normal CP) or 12 OFDM symbols (in case of an extended CP). The number of subcarriers in a single OFDM symbol is set to one of 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 and 2048 to use.

FIG. 5 shows a pattern of a common reference signal (CRS) in case that 1-TTI (i.e., 1 subframe) has 14 OFDM symbols. FIG. 5 (a), FIG. 5 (b) and FIG. 5 (c) relates to a CRS pattern for a system having 1 Tx (transmitting) antenna, a CRS pattern for a system having 2 Tx antennas and a CRS pattern for a system having 4 Tx antennas, respectively.

In FIG. 5, R0 indicates a reference signal for an antenna port index 0. In FIG. 5, R1 indicates a reference signal for an antenna port index 1, R2 indicates a reference signal for an antenna port index 2, and R3 indicates a reference signal for an antenna port index 3. Regarding a position of an RE for carrying a reference signal for each of the antenna ports, no signal is transmitted from the rest of all antenna ports except the antenna port for transmitting a reference signal to prevent interference.

FIG. 6 shows that a reference signal pattern is shifted in each cell to prevent reference signals of various cells from colliding with each other. Assuming that a reference signal pattern for one antenna port shown in FIG. 5 (a) is used by a cell #1 (Cell 1) shown in FIG. 6, in order to prevent collision of reference signals between cells including a cell #2 adjacent to the cell #1, a cell #3 adjacent to the cell #1 and the like, it is able to protect a reference signal in a manner of shifting a reference signal pattern by subcarrier or OFDM symbol unit in frequency or time domain. For instance, in case of 1 Tx antenna transmission, since a reference signal is situated in 6-subcarrier interval on a single OFDM symbol, if a shift by subcarrier unit in frequency domain is applied to each cell, at least 5 adjacent cells may be able to situate reference signals on different resource elements, respectively. For instance, a frequency shift of a reference signal may be represented as the cell #2 and the cell #6 in FIG. 6.

Moreover, by multiplying a downlink reference signal per cell by a pseudo-random (PN) sequence and then transmitting the multiplied signal, interference caused to a receiver by a reference signal received from an adjacent cell can be reduced to enhance channel estimation performance. This PN sequence may be applicable by OFDM symbol unit in a single subframe. Regarding the PN sequence, a different sequence may be applicable per cell ID, subframe number or OFDM symbol position.

In a system [e.g., 8-Tx antenna supportive wireless communication system (e.g., 3GPP LTE Release-10 system, a systems according to 3GPP LTE Releases next to Release-10, etc.)] having antenna configuration more extended than a legacy 4-Tx antenna supportive communication system (e.g., 3GPP LTE Release-8 system, 3GPP LTE Release-9 system, etc.), DMRS based data demodulation is taken into consideration to support efficient management & operation and developed transmission scheme of reference signals. In particular, in order to support data transmission via extended antennas, it may be able to define DMRS for at least two layers. Since DMRS is precoded by the same precoder of data, it is easy for a receiving side to estimate channel information for demodulating data without separate precoding information. Meanwhile, a downlink receiving side is able to acquire channel information precoded for the extended antenna configuration through DMRS. Yet, a separate reference signal other than the DMRS is requested to acquire non-precoded channel information. Hence, in a system by LTE-A standards, a reference signal (i.e., CSI-RS) for a receiving side to acquire channel state information (CSI) can be defined. In particular, CSI-RS may be transmitted via 8 antenna ports. In order to discriminate a CSI-RS transmitted antenna port from an antenna port of 3GPP LTE Release-8/9, it may be able to use antenna port indexes 15 to 22.

Configuration of Downlink Control Channel

As a region for transmitting a downlink control channel, first three OFDM symbols of each subframe are available. In particular, 1 to 3 OFDM symbols are available in accordance with overhead of the downlink control channel. In order to adjust the number of OFDM symbols for a downlink control channel in each subframe, it may be able to use PCFICH. And, it is able to use PHICH to provide an acknowledgment response [ACK/NACK (acknowledgement/negative-acknowledgement)] to an uplink transmission in downlink. Moreover, it is able to use PDCCH to transmit control information for a downlink or uplink data transmission.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 show that the above-configured downlink control channels are assigned by resource element group (REG) unit in a control region of each subframe. FIG. 7 relates to a system having 1- or 2-Tx antenna configuration and FIG. 8 relates to a system having 4-Tx antenna configuration. Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, REG corresponding to a basic resource unit for assigning a control channel is configured with 4 contiguous Res in frequency domain except a resource element for assigning a reference signal. A specific number of REGs are available for a transmission of a downlink control channel in accordance with overhead of the downlink control channel.

PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)

In order to provide every subframe with resource allocation information of the corresponding subframe and the like, it is able to transmit PDCCH between OFDM symbol indexes 0 to 2. In accordance with overhead of a control channel, it may be able to use the OFDM symbol index 0, the OFDM symbol indexes 0 and 1, or the OFDM symbol indexes 0 to 2. Thus, the number of OPFDM symbols used for a control channel is changeable for each subframe. And, information on the OFDM symbol number may be provided via PCFICH. Hence, the PCFICH should be transmitted in every subframe.

Three kinds of informations can be provided through the PCFICH. Table 1 in the following shows CFI (control format indicator) of PCFICH. ‘CFI=1’ indicates that PDCCH is transmitted on OFDM symbol index 0, ‘CFI=2’ indicates that PDCCH is transmitted on OFDM symbol indexes 0 and 1, and ‘CFI=3’ indicates that PDCCH is transmitted on OFDM symbol indexes 0 to 2.

TABLE 1 CFI codeword CFI <b₀, b₁, . . . , b₃₁> 1 <0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1> 2 <1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0> 3 <1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1> 4 <0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, (Reserved) 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>

Information carried on PCFICH may be defined different in accordance with a system bandwidth. For instance, in case that a bandwidth of a system is smaller than a specific threshold, ‘CFI=1’ may indicate that 2 OFDM symbols are used for PDCCH. ‘CFI=2’ may indicate that 3 OFDM symbols are used for PDCCH. And, ‘CFI=3’ may indicate that 4 OFDM symbols are used for PDCCH.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for a scheme of transmitting PCIFCH. REG shown in FIG. 9 is configured with 4 subcarriers, and more particularly, with data subcarriers except RS (reference signal). Generally, a transmit diversity scheme may apply thereto. A position of the REG may be frequency-shifted per cell (i.e., in accordance with a cell identifier) not to cause interference between cells. Additionally, PCFICH is always transmitted on a 1^(st) OFDM symbol (i.e., OFDM symbol index 0) of a subframe. Hence, when a receiving end receives a subframe, the receiving end acquires the number of OFDM symbols for carrying PDCCH by checking information of PCFICH and is then able to receive control information transmitted on the PDCCH.

PHICH (Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel)

FIG. 10 is a diagram to illustrate positions of PCFICH and PHICH generally applied for a specific bandwidth. ACK/NACK information on an uplink data transmission is transmitted on PHICH. Several PHICH groups are created in a single subframe and several PHICHs exist in a single PHICH group. Hence, PHICH channels for several user equipments are included in the single PHICH group.

Referring to FIG. 10, PHICH assignment for each user equipment in several PHICH groups are performed using a lowest PRB (physical resource block) index of PUSCH resource allocation and a cyclic shift index for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) transmitted on a UL (uplink) grant PDCCH. In this case, the DMRS is a UL reference signal and is the signal provided together with a UL transmission for channel estimation for demodulation of UL data. Moreover, PHICH resource is known through such an index pair as (n_(PHICH) ^(group),n_(PHICH) ^(seq)). In (n_(PHICH) ^(group),n_(PHICH) ^(seq)), n_(PHICH) ^(group) means a PHICH group number) and n_(PHICH) ^(seq) means an orthogonal sequence index in the corresponding PHICH group. n_(PHICH) ^(group) and n_(PHICH) ^(seq) is defined as Formula 1. n _(PHICH) ^(group)=(I _(PRB) _(_) _(RA) ^(lowest) ^(_) ^(index) +n _(DMRS))mod N _(PHICH) ^(group) n _(PHICH) ^(seq)=(└I _(PRB) _(_) _(RA) ^(lowest) ^(_) ^(index) /N _(PHICH) ^(group) ┘+n _(DMRS))mod 2N _(SF) ^(PHICH)  [Formula 1]

In Formula 1, n_(DMRS) indicates a cyclic shift of DMRS used for a PHICH associated UL transmission. And, N_(SF) ^(PHICH) indicates a spreading factor size used for PHICH. I_(PRB) _(_) _(RA) ^(lowest) ^(_) ^(index) indicates a lowest PRB index of a UL resource allocation. N_(PHICH) ^(group) indicates the number of the configured PHICH groups and may be defined as Formula 2.

$\begin{matrix} {N_{PHICH}^{group} = \left\{ \begin{matrix} \left\lceil {N_{g}\left( {N_{RB}^{DL}/8} \right)} \right\rceil & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{normal}\mspace{14mu}{cyclic}\mspace{14mu}{prefix}} \\ {2 \cdot \left\lceil {N_{g}\left( {N_{RB}^{DL}/8} \right)} \right\rceil} & {{for}\mspace{14mu}{extended}\mspace{14mu}{cyclic}\mspace{14mu}{prefix}} \end{matrix} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 2, N_(g) indicates an amount of PHICH resource transmitted on PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) and N_(g) is represented as N_(g)ε{⅙, ½, 1, 2} in 2-bit size.

One example of an orthogonal sequence defined by the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 is shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Orthogonal sequence Sequence index Normal cyclic prefix Extended cyclic prefix n_(PHICH) ^(seq) N_(SF) ^(PHICH) = 4 N_(SF) ^(PHICH) = 2 0 [+1 +1 +1 +1] [+1 +1] 1 [+1 −1 +1 −1] [+1 −1] 2 [+1 +1 −1 −1] [+j +j] 3 [+1 −1 −1 +1] [+j −j] 4 [+j +j +j +j] — 5 [+j −j +j −j] — 6 [+j +j −j −j] — 7 [+j −j −j +j] —

FIG. 11 is a diagram to illustrate a position of a downlink (DL) resource element having PHICH group mapped thereto. Referring to FIG. 11, PHICH group may be configured in different time region (i.e., a different OS (OFDM symbol)) within a single subframe.

PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)

Control information transmitted on PDCCH may have control information size and usage differing in accordance with a DCI (downlink control information) format. And, a size of the PDCCH may vary in accordance with a coding rate. For instance, DCI formats used by the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 may be defined as Table 3.

TABLE 3 DCI format Objectives 0 Scheduling of PUSCH 1 Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword 1A Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword 1B Closed-loop single-rank transmission 1C Paging, RACH response and dynamic BCCH 1D MU-MIMO 2 Scheduling of rank-adapted closed-loop spatial multiplexing mode 2A Scheduling of rank-adapted open-loop spatial multiplexing mode 3 TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with 2 bit power adjustments 3A TPC commands for PUCCH and PUSCH with single bit power adjustments

The DCI format shown in Table 3 is independently applied per user equipment and PDCCHs of several user equipments can be simultaneously multiplexed within a single subframe. The multiplexed PDCCH of each of the user equipments is independently channel-coded and CRC is applied thereto. The CRC of the PDCCH is masked with a unique identifier of each of the user equipments and can be applied to enable the corresponding user equipment to receive the PDCCH of its own. Yet, since a user equipment is basically unable to know a position of its PDCCH channel, the user equipment checks whether each of the entire PDCCH channels of the corresponding DCI format matches the PDCCH channel having the ID of the corresponding user equipment for each subframe and needs to perform blind detection until receiving the corresponding PDCCH. A basic resource allocation unit of the PDCCH is CCE (control channel element) and a single CCE is configured with 9 TEGs. A single PDCCH may be configured with 1, 2, 4 or 8 CCEs. PDCCH configured in accordance with each user equipment is interleaved into a control channel region of each subframe and then mapped by a CCE-to-RE mapping rule. This may vary an RE position having a CCE mapped thereto in accordance with the OFDM symbol number for a control channel of each subframe, the PHICH group number, Tx antennas, a frequency shift and the like.

Uplink Retransmission

Uplink (UL) retransmission may be indicated via the aforementioned PHICH and the DCI format 0 (i.e., DCI format for scheduling PUSCH transmission). A user equipment receives ACK/NACK for a previous UL transmission via PHICH and is then able to perform a synchronous non-adaptive retransmission. Alternatively, a user equipment receives a UL grant via DCI format 0 PDCCH from a base station and is then able to perform a synchronous adaptive retransmission.

The synchronous transmission means that a retransmission is performed at a predetermined timing point (e.g., (n+k)^(th) subframe) after a timing point (e.g., n^(th) subframe) of transmitting a data packet. In both cases of the retransmission by PHICH and the retransmission by UL grant PDCCH, the synchronous retransmission is performed.

Regarding the non-adaptive retransmission of performing a retransmission on PHICH, the same frequency resource and transmitting method of the former frequency resource (e.g., physical resource block (PRB) region) and transmitting method (e.g., modulation scheme, etc.) used for a previous transmission are applied to the retransmission. Meanwhile, regarding the adaptive retransmission of performing a retransmission via UL grant PDCCH, a frequency resource and transmitting method for performing a retransmission may be set different from those of a previous transmission in accordance with a scheduling control information indicated by a UL grant.

In case that a user equipment receives a UL grant PDCCH as soon as receives PHICH, the user equipment may be able to perform a UL transmission in accordance with control information of the UL grant PDCCH by ignoring the PHICH. Since a new data indicator (NDI) is included in the UL grant PDCCH (e.g., DCI format 0), if NDI bit is toggled more than a previously provided NDI value, the user equipment regards a previous transmission as successful and is then able to transmit new data. Meanwhile, although the user equipment receives ACK for a previous transmission via PHICH, unless the NDI value is toggled in the UL grant PDCCH received simultaneously with or after the PHICH reception, the user equipment is configured not to flush a buffer for the previous transmission.

Uplink Transmission Configuration

FIG. 12 is a diagram for a structure of a transmitter by SC-FDMA.

First of all, a single block configured with N symbols inputted to a transmitter is converted to a parallel signal via a serial-to-parallel converter 1201. The parallel signal spreads via an N-point DFT module 1202. The spreading signal is mapped to a frequency region via a subcarrier mapping module 1203. Signals on subcarriers configure linear combination of N symbols. The signal mapped to the frequency region is transformed into a time-domain signal via an M-point IFFT module 1204. The time-domain signal is converted to a parallel signal via a parallel-to-serial converter 1205 and then has a CP added thereto. The effect of the IFFT processing by the M-point IFFT module 1204 is cancelled out by the DFT processing of the N-point DFT module 1202 to some extent. In this point, the SC-FDMA may be named DFT-s-OFDMA (DFT-spread-OFDMA). Moreover, although the signal inputted to the DFT module 1202 has a low PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) or CM (cubic metric), it may have a high PAPR after DFT processing. And, the signal outputted by the IFFT processing of the IFFT module 1204 may have a low PAPR again. In particular, according to the SC-FDMA, transmission is performed by avoiding a non-linear distortion interval of a power amplifier (PA), whereby a cost for implementation of a transmitting end can be reduced.

FIG. 13 is a diagram to describe a scheme of mapping a signal outputted from the DFT module 1202 to a frequency region. By performing one of the two schemes shown in FIG. 13, a signal outputted from an SC-FDMA transmitter can meet the single carrier property. FIG. 13 (a) shows a localized mapping scheme of locally mapping signals outputted from the DFT module 1202 to a specific part of a subcarrier region. FIG. 13 (b) shows a distributed mapping scheme of mapping signals outputted from the DFT module 1202 to a whole subcarrier region by being distributed. In the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 system, it is defined that the localized mapping scheme is used.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram to describe a transmission processing of a reference signal to demodulate a transmitted signal by SC-FDMA. In the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 system, a data part is transmitted in a manner of transforming a signal generated from a time domain into a frequency-domain signal by DFT processing, performing subcarrier mapping on the frequency-domain signal, and then performing IFFT processing on the mapped signal [cf. FIG. 12]. Yet, a reference signal (RS) is defined as directly generated in frequency domain without DFT processing, mapped to subcarrier, undergoing IFFT processing, and then having CP addition thereto.

FIG. 15 is a diagram to illustrate a symbol position having a reference signal (RS) mapped thereto in a subframe structure according to SC-FDMA. FIG. 15 (a) shows that RS is located at 4^(th) SC-FDMA symbol of each of 2 slots in a single subframe in case of a normal CP. FIG. 15 (b) shows that RS is located at 3^(rd) SC-FDMA symbol of each of 2 slots in a single subframe in case of an extended CP.

Clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme is described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19 as follows. The clustered DFT-s-OFDMA is the modification of the aforementioned SC-FDMA. According to the clustered DFT-s-OFDMA, a DFT-processed signal is segmented into a plurality of sub-blocks and then mapped to a spaced position in frequency domain.

FIG. 16 is a diagram to describe a clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme on a single carrier. For instance, a DFT output may be partitioned into Nsb sub-blocks (sub-blocks #0 to #Nsb−1). When sub-blocks are mapped to a frequency region, the sub-blocks #0 to #NSb−1 are mapped to a single carrier (e.g., carrier of 20 MHz bandwidth, etc.) and each of the sub-blocks may be mapped to a position spaced in the frequency region. And, each of the sub-blocks may be locally mapped to the frequency region.

FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are diagrams to describe a clustered DFT-s-OFDMA scheme on multiple carriers.

In a situation (i.e., frequency bands of multiple carriers (cells) are contiguously assigned) that multiple carriers (or multiple cells) are configured contiguously, if a subcarrier interval between contiguous carriers is aligned, FIG. 17 is a diagram for one example that a signal can be generated through a single IFFT module. For instance, a DFT output may be segmented into Nsb sub-blocks (sub-blocks #0 to #NSb-1). In mapping sub-blocks to a frequency region, the sub-blocks #0 to #NSb-1 can be mapped to component carriers #0 to #NSb-1, respectively [e.g., each carrier (or cell) may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz]. moreover, each of the sub-blocks may be mapped to a frequency region by being localized. And, the sub-blocks mapped to the carriers (or cells) may be transformed into a time-domain signal through a single IFFT module.

In a situation (i.e., frequency bands of multiple carriers (cells) are non-contiguously assigned) that multiple carriers (or multiple cells) are configured non-contiguously, FIG. 18 is a diagram for one example that a signal is generated using a plurality of IFFT modules. For instance, a DFT output may be segmented into Nsb sub-blocks (sub-blocks #0 to #NSb-1). In mapping sub-blocks to a frequency region, the sub-blocks #0 to #NSb-1 can be mapped to carriers #0 to #NSb-1, respectively [e.g., each carrier (or cell) may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz]. moreover, each of the sub-blocks may be mapped to a frequency region by being localized. And, the sub-blocks mapped to the carriers (or cells) may be transformed into a time-domain signal through the IFFT modules, respectively.

If the clustered DFT-s-OFDMA on the single carrier mentioned with reference to FIG. 16 is called intra-carrier (or intra-cell) DFT-s-OFDMA, the DFT-s-OFDMA on the multiple carriers (or cells) mentioned with reference to FIG. 17 or FIG. 18 may be called inter-carrier (or inter-cell) DFT-s-OFDMA. Thus, the intra-carrier DFT-s-OFDMA and the inter-carrier DFT-s-OFDMA may be interchangeably usable.

FIG. 19 is a diagram to describe a chuck-specific DFT-s-OFDMA scheme of performing DFT processing, frequency domain mapping and IFFT processing by chunk unit. The chunk-specific DFT-s-OFDMA may be called Nx SC-FDMA. A code block segmented signal is chunk-segmented into parts and channel coding and modulation is performed on each of the parts. The modulated signal undergoes the DFT processing, the frequency domain mapping and the IFFT processing in the same manner described with reference to FIG. 12, outputs from the respective IFFTs are added up, and CP may be added thereto. The Nx SC-FDMA scheme mentioned with reference to FIG. 19 may be applicable to a contiguous multi-carrier (or multi-cell) case and a non-contiguous multi-carrier (or multi-cell) case both.

Structure of MIMO System

FIG. 20 is a diagram to illustrate a basic structure of MIMO system having multiple Tx antennas and/or multiple Rx (receiving) antennas. Each block shown in FIG. 20 conceptionally indicates a function or operation in a transmitting/receiving end for MIMO transmission.

A channel encoder shown in FIG. 20 indicates an operation of attaching a redundancy bit to an input data bit, whereby effect of noise and the like from a channel can be reduced. A mapper indicates an operation of converting data bit information to data symbol information. A serial-to-parallel converter indicates an operation of converting serial data to parallel data. A multi-antenna encoder indicates an operation of transforming a data symbol into a time-spatial signal. A multi-antenna of a transmitting end plays a role in transmitting this time-spatial signal on a channel, while a multi-antenna of a receiving end plays a role in receiving the signal on the channel.

A multi-antenna decoder shown in FIG. 20 indicates an operation of transforming the received time-spatial signal into each data symbol. A parallel-to-serial converter indicates an operation of converting a parallel signal to a serial signal. A demapper indicates an operation of transforming a data symbol to a bit information. A decoding operation for a channel code is performed by a channel decoder, whereby data can be estimated.

The MIMO transceiving system mentioned in the above description may have a single or several codewords spatially in accordance with a space multiplexing ratio. A case of having a single codeword spatially is called a single codeword (SCW) structure. And, a case of having several codewords is called a multiple codeword (MCW) structure.

FIG. 21 (a) is a block diagram to represent functionality of a transmitting end of an MIMO system having the SCW structure. And, FIG. 21 (b) is a block diagram to represent functionality of a transmitting end of an MIMO system having the MCW structure.

Codebook Based Precoding Scheme

In order to support multi-antenna transmission, it may be able to apply precoding of appropriately distributing transmission information to each antenna in accordance with a channel status and the like. A codebook based precoding scheme means the scheme performed in a following manner. First of all, a set of precoding matrixes is determined in a transmitting end and a receiving end. Secondly, the transmitting end measures channel information from the transmitting end and then feeds back information (i.e., a precoding matrix index (PMI)) indicating what is a most appropriate precoding matrix to the transmitting end. Finally, the transmitting end applies an appropriate precoding to a signal transmission based on the PMI. Since the appropriate precoding matrix is selected from the previously determined precoding matrix set, although an optimal precoding is not always applied, this is more advantageous than the explicit feedback of optimal precoding information actually carried on channel information in reducing feedback overhead.

FIG. 22 is a diagram to describe basic concept of codebook based precoding.

According to a codebook based precoding scheme, a transmitting and a receiving end share codebook information including a prescribed number of precoding matrixes in accordance with a transmission rank, the number of antennas and the like. In particular, in case that feedback information is finite, it is able to use the precoding based codebook scheme. The receiving end measures a channel status via a received signal and is then able to deed back information (i.e., indexes of the corresponding precoding matrixes) on the finite number of preferred precoding matrixes based on the above-mentioned codebook information to the transmitting end. For instance, the receiving end is able to select an optimal precoding matrix in a manner of measuring a received signal by ML (maximum likelihood) or MMSE (minimum mean square error) scheme. FIG. 22 shows that the receiving end transmits the precoding matrix information per codeword to the transmitting end, by which the present invention may be non-limited.

Having received the feedback information from the receiving end, the transmitting end may be able to select a specific precoding matrix from the codebook based on the received information. Having selected the precoding matrix, the transmitting end performs a precoding in a manner of multiplying layer signals, of which number corresponds to the transmission rank, by the selected precoding matrix and may be then able to transmit a precoded transmission signal via a plurality of antennas. In the precoding matrix, the number of rows is equal to that of the antennas and the number of columns is equal to a rank value. Since the rank value is equal to the number of the layers, the number of the columns is equal to the number of layers. For instance, if the number of the Tx antennas and the number of the transmission layers are 4 and 2, respectively, the precoding matrix can be configured with 4×2 matrix. Information transmitted via each layer can be mapped to each antenna via the precoding matrix.

Having received the signal precoded and transmitted by the transmitting end, the receiving end is able to reconstruct the received signal by performing a processing inverse to that of the precoding performed by the transmitting end. Generally, since the precoding matrix meets such a unitary matrix (U) condition as U*U^(H)=I, the inverse processing of the precoding may be performed in a manner of multiplying the received signal by Hermit matrix (P^(H)) of the precoding matrix (P) used for the precoding of the transmitting end.

For instance, Table 4 in the following indicates a codebook used for a downlink transmission using 2 Tx antennas in 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 and Table 5 indicates a codebook used for a downlink transmission using 4 Tx antennas in 3GPP LTE Release-8/9.

TABLE 4 Number of rank Codebook index 1 2 0 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ 1 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ {- 1} \end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & {- 1} \end{bmatrix}$ 2 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ j \end{bmatrix}$ $\frac{1}{2}\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ j & {- j} \end{bmatrix}$ 3 $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ {- j} \end{bmatrix}$ —

TABLE 5 Codebook Number of layers υ index u_(n) 1 2 3 4 0 u₀ = [1 −1 −1 −1]^(T) W₀ ^({1}) W₀ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₀ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₀ ^({1234})/2 1 u₁ = [1 −j 1 j]^(T) W₁ ^({1}) W₁ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₁ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁ ^({1234})/2 2 u₂ = [1 1 −1 1]^(T) W₂ ^({1}) W₂ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₂ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₂ ^({3214})/2 3 u₃ = [1 j 1 −j]^(T) W₃ ^({1}) W₃ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₃ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₃ ^({3214})/2 4 u₄ = [1 (−1 − j)/{square root over (2)} −j (1 − j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₄ ^({1}) W₄ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₄ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₄ ^({1234})/2 5 u₅ = [1 (1 − j)/{square root over (2)} j (−1 − j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₅ ^({1}) W₅ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₅ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₅ ^({1234})/2 6 u₆ = [1 (1 + j)/{square root over (2)} −j (−1 + j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₆ ^({1}) W₆ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₆ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₆ ^({1324})/2 7 u₇ = [1 (−1 + j)/{square root over (2)} j (1 + j)/{square root over (2)}]^(T) W₇ ^({1}) W₇ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₇ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₇ ^({1324})/2 8 u₈ = [1 −1 1 1]^(T) W₈ ^({1}) W₈ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₈ ^({124})/{square root over (3)} W₈ ^({1234})/2 9 u₉ = [1 −j −1 −j]^(T) W₉ ^({1}) W₉ ^({14})/{square root over (2)} W₉ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₉ ^({1234})/2 10 u₁₀ = [1 1 1 −1]^(T) W₁₀ ^({1}) W₁₀ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₀ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₀ ^({1324})/2 11 u₁₁ = [1 j −1 j]^(T) W₁₁ ^({1}) W₁₁ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₁ ^({134})/{square root over (3)} W₁₁ ^({1324})/2 12 u₁₂ = [1 −1 −1 1]^(T) W₁₂ ^({1}) W₁₂ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₁₂ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₂ ^({1234})/2 13 u₁₃ = [1 −1 1 −1]^(T) W₁₃ ^({1}) W₁₃ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₃ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₃ ^({1324})/2 14 u₁₄ = [1 1 −1 −1]^(T) W₁₄ ^({1}) W₁₄ ^({13})/{square root over (2)} W₁₄ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₄ ^({3214})/2 15 u₁₅ = [1 1 1 1]^(T) W₁₅ ^({1}) W₁₅ ^({12})/{square root over (2)} W₁₅ ^({123})/{square root over (3)} W₁₅ ^({1234})/2

In Table 5, W_(n) ^({s}) is obtained from a set {S} configured from a formula expressed as W_(n)=I−2u_(n)u_(n) ^(H)/u_(n) ^(H)u_(n). In this case, I indicates 4×4 unitary matrix and u_(n) indicates a value given by Table 5.

Referring to Table 4, when a codebook for 2 Tx antennas has total 7 precoding vectors/matrixes, since a unitary matrix is provided for an open-loop system, there are total 6 precoding vectors/matrixes for the precoding of a closed-loop system. Moreover, referring to Table 5, a codebook for 4 Tx antennas has total 64 precoding vectors/matrixes.

The above-mentioned codebooks have such a common property as a constant modulus (CM) property, a nested property, a constrained alphabet property and the like. According to the CM property, each element of every precoding matrix within a codebook does not contain ‘0’ and is configured to have the same size. According to the nested property, a precoding matrix of a low rank is designed to be configured with a subset of a specific column of a precoding matrix of a high rank. According to the constrained alphabet property, each element of every precoding matrix within a codebook is constrained. For instance, each element of a precoding matrix is limited only to an element (±1) used for BPSH (binary phase shift keying), elements (±1,±j) used for QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), or elements

$\left( {{\pm 1},{\pm j},{\pm \frac{\left( {1 + j} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}},{\pm \frac{\left( {{- 1} + j} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}}} \right)$ used for 8-PSK. In the example of the codebook shown in Table 5, since alphabet of each element of every precoding matrix within the codebook is configured with

$\left\{ {{\pm 1},{\pm j},{\pm \frac{\left( {1 + j} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}},{\pm \frac{\left( {{- 1} + j} \right)}{\sqrt{2}}}} \right\},$ it may be represented as having the constrained alphabet property.

Feedback Channel Structure

Basically, since a base station is unable to know information on a DL channel in FDD system, channel information fed back by a user equipment is used for a DL transmission. In case of the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 system, it is able to feed back DL channel information via PUCCH or PUSCH. In case of the PUCCH, channel information is periodically fed back. In case of the PUSCH, channel information is aperiodically fed back in accordance with a request made by a base station. Moreover, feedback of channel information may be performed in a manner of feeding back the channel information on a whole frequency band (i.e., wideband (WB)) or the channel information on a specific number of RBs (i.e., subband (SB)).

Extended Antenna Configuration

FIG. 23 shows examples of configuration of 8 Tx (transmitting) antennas.

FIG. 23 (a) shows a case that N antennas configure independent channels without being grouped, which is generally called ULA (uniform linear array). In case that the number of antennas is small, the ULA configuration may be available. In case that the number of antennas is big, multiple antennas are arranged in a manner being spaced apart from each other. Hence, it may be insufficient for a space of a transmitter and/or receiver to configure independent channels.

FIG. 23 (b) shows an antenna configuration (i.e., paired ULA) of ULA type in which 2 antennas form a pair. In this case, an associated channel is established between a pair of the antennas and may be independent from that of antennas of another pair.

Meanwhile, unlike the fact that the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 system uses 4 Tx antennas in DL, the 3GPP LTE Release-10 system is able to use 8 Tx antennas in DL. In order to apply this extended antenna configuration, it is necessary to install several Tx antennas in insufficient space. Thus, the ULA antenna configuration shown FIG. 23 (a) or FIG. 23 (b) may become inappropriate. Therefore, it may be able to consider applying a dual-polarized (or cross-polarized) antenna configuration shown in FIG. 23 (c). In case of this configuration of Tx antennas, even if a distance between antennas is relatively short, it is able to configure independent channels by lowering correlation. Therefore, data transmission of high throughput can be achieved.

Codebook Structures

If a transmitting end and a receiving end share a pre-defined codebook with each other, it is able to lower an overhead for the receiving end to feed back precoding information to be used for MIMO transmission from the transmitting end. Hence, it is able to apply efficient precoding.

For one example of configuring a pre-defined codebook, it is able to configure a precoder matrix using DFT (discrete Fourier transform) matrix or Walsh matrix. Alternatively, it is able to configure precoders of various types by combination with a phase shift matrix, a shift diversity matrix or the like.

In configuring a DFT matrix based codebook, n×n DFT matrix can be defined as Formula 3.

$\begin{matrix} {{{{DFTn}\text{:}\mspace{14mu}{D_{n}\left( {k,\ell} \right)}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}{\exp\left( {{- j}\; 2\pi\; k\;{\ell/n}} \right)}}},k,{\ell = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{n - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In the DFT matrix of Formula 3, a single matrix exists for a specific size n only. Hence, in order to appropriately define and use various kinds of precoding matrixes in accordance with a situation, it may be able to consider configuring to use a rotated version of the DFTn matrix in addition. One example of the rotated DFTn matrix is shown in Formula 4.

$\begin{matrix} {{{{rotatedDFTn}:\mspace{14mu}{D_{n}^{({G,g})}\left( {k,\ell} \right)}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}{\exp\left( {{- j}\; 2\pi\;{{k\left( {\ell + {g/G}} \right)}/n}} \right)}}},\mspace{79mu} k,{\ell = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{n - 1},\mspace{79mu}{g = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{G.}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In case that the DFT matrix shown in Formula 4 is configured, it is able to create G rotated DFTn matrixes. And, the created matrixes may meet the property of the DFT matrix.

In the following description, a householder-based codebook structure is explained. The householder-based codebook structure may mean the codebook configured with householder matrix. In particular, the householder matrix is the matrix used for householder transform. The householder transform is a sort of linear transformation and may be usable in performing QR decomposition. The QR decomposition may mean that a prescribed matrix is decomposed into an orthogonal matrix (Q) and an upper triangular matrix (R). The upper triangular matrix means a square matrix of which components below main diagonal components are all zeros. One example of the 4×4 householder matrix is shown in Formula 5.

$\begin{matrix} {{M_{1} = {{I_{4} - {2\; u_{0}{u_{1}^{H}/{u_{0}}^{2}}}} = {\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}*\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & {- 1} & {- 1} \\ 1 & {- 1} & 1 & {- 1} \\ 1 & {- 1} & {- 1} & 1 \end{bmatrix}}}},\mspace{79mu}{u_{0}^{T} = \left\lbrack {1\mspace{14mu} - 1\mspace{14mu} - 1\mspace{14mu} - 1} \right\rbrack}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

It is able to create 4×4 unitary matrix having the CM property by householder transformation. Like the codebook for the 4 Tx antennas shown in Table 5, n×n precoding matrix is created using the householder transformation and a column subset of the created precoding matrix can be configured to be used as a precoding matrix for a transmission of a rank smaller than n.

Multi-Codebook Based Precoder Creation

A precoding operation used for a multi-antenna transmission may be explained as an operation of mapping a signal transmitted via layer(s) to antenna(s). In particular, by X×Y precoding matrix, Y transmission layers (or streams) can be mapped to X Tx antennas.

In order to configure N_(t)×R precoding matrix used in transmitting R streams (i.e., Rank R) via N_(t) Tx antennas, a transmitting end receives a feedback of at least one precoding matrix index (PMI) from a receiving end and is then able to configure a precoder matrix. Formula 6 shows one example of a codebook configured with matrixes. P_(N) _(t) _(×R)(k)ε{P₁ ^(N) ^(t) ^(×R),P₂ ^(N) ^(t) ^(×R),P₃ ^(N) ^(t) ^(×R), . . . ,P_(nc) ^(N) ^(t) ^(×R)}  [Formula 6]

In Formula 6, k indicates a specific resource index (e.g., a subcarrier index, a virtual resource index, a subband index, etc.). Formula 6 may be configured in form of Formula 7.

$\begin{matrix} {{{P_{N_{t} \times R}(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} P_{{M_{t} \times R},1} \\ P_{{M_{t} \times R},2} \end{bmatrix}},{N_{t} = {2 \cdot M_{t}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 7, P_(M) _(t) _(×R,2) may be configured in form of shifting P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) by a specific complex weight w₂. Hence, if a difference between P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) and P_(M) _(t) _(×R,2) is represented as a specific complex weight, it may be expressed as Formula 8.

$\begin{matrix} {{P_{N_{t} \times R}(k)} = \begin{bmatrix} {w_{1} \cdot P_{{M_{t} \times R},1}} \\ {w_{2} \cdot P_{{M_{t} \times R},1}} \end{bmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{formula}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Moreover, Formula 8 may be represented as Formula 9 using Kroneker product (

).

$\begin{matrix} {{P_{{N_{t} \times R},n,m}(k)} = {{\begin{bmatrix} w_{1} \\ w_{2} \end{bmatrix} \otimes \; P_{{M_{t} \times R},1}} = {W_{n} \otimes P_{m}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 9} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Kroneker product is an operation for 2 matrixes in random size. As a result of Kroneker product operation, it is able to obtain a block matrix. For instance, Kroneker product of an m×n matrix A and a p×q matrix B (i.e., A

B) may be represented as Formula 10. In Formula 10, a_(mn) indicates an element of the matrix A and b_(pq) indicates an element of the matrix B.

$\begin{matrix} {{A \otimes B} = \begin{bmatrix} {a_{11}b_{11}} & {a_{11}b_{12}} & \ldots & {a_{11}b_{1q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{11}} & {a_{1n}b_{12}} & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{1q}} \\ {a_{11}b_{21}} & {a_{11}b_{22}} & \ldots & {a_{11}b_{2q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{21}} & {a_{1n}b_{22}} & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{2q}} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \; & \; & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {a_{11}b_{p\; 1}} & {a_{11}b_{p\; 2}} & \ldots & {a_{11}b_{p\; q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{p\; 1}} & {a_{1n}b_{p\; 2}} & \ldots & {a_{1n}b_{p\; q}} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \; & \vdots & \ddots & \; & \vdots & \vdots & \; & \vdots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \; & \vdots & \; & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & \; & \vdots \\ {a_{m\; 1}b_{11}} & {a_{m\; 1}b_{12}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; 1}b_{1q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{11}} & {a_{m\; n}b_{12}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{1q}} \\ {a_{m\; 1}b_{21}} & {a_{m\; 1}b_{22}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; 1}b_{2q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{21}} & {a_{m\; n}b_{22}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{2q}} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & \; & \; & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ {a_{m\; 1}b_{p\; 1}} & {a_{m\; 1}b_{p\; 2}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; 1}b_{p\; q}} & \ldots & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{p\; 1}} & {a_{m\; n}b_{p\; 2}} & \ldots & {a_{m\; n}b_{p\; q}} \end{bmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

A partial matrix

$\quad\begin{bmatrix} w_{1} \\ w_{2} \end{bmatrix}$ of precoding and P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) in Formula 9 may be independently fed back from a receiving end. And, a transmitting end is able to configure and use a precoder like Formula 8 or Formula 9 using each feedback information. In case of applying the form of Formula 8 or Formula 9, W is always configured in form of 2×1 vector and may be configured in form of a codebook shown I Formula 11.

$\begin{matrix} {W \in {\quad{\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ e^{j\frac{2\pi}{N}i} \end{bmatrix},{i = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{N - 1}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 11} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 11, N indicates the total number of precoding vectors contained in the codebook and i may be used as an index of a vector. In order to obtain proper performance by minimizing feedback overhead, i may be usable by being set to 2, 4 or 8. Moreover, P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) may be configured as a codebook for 4 Tx antennas or a codebook for 2 Tx antennas. For this, the codebook of Table 4 or Table 5 (e.g., the codebook for 2 or 4 Tx antennas defined in 3GPP LTE Release-8/9) is usable. And, P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) may be configured in rotated DFT form as well.

Moreover, a matrix W may be available in form of 2×2 matrix. Formula 12 shows one example of the 2×2 matrix W.

$\begin{matrix} {{{P_{{N_{t} \times 2\; R},n,m}(k)} = {{\begin{bmatrix} w_{1} & w_{3} \\ w_{2} & w_{4} \end{bmatrix} \otimes P_{{M_{t} \times R},1}} = {W_{n} \otimes P_{m}}}},{N_{t} = {2 \cdot M_{t}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 12} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In case of the configuration of Formula 12, if a maximum rank of the codebook P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1) is R, it may be able to design a codebook of a rank up to 2R. For instance, in case of using the codebook shown in Table 4 as P_(M) _(t) _(×R,1), according to Formula 9, it may be usable up to 4 (R=4) as a maximum rank. On the other hand, according to Formula 12, it may be able to use a maximum rank up to 8 (2R=8). Hence, in the system configured with 8 Tx antennas, it is able to configure a precoder capable of 8×8 transmission. In this case, W may be configured in form of a codebook shown in Formula 13.

$\begin{matrix} {{W \in \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ e^{j\frac{2\pi}{N}i} & {- e^{j\frac{2\pi}{N}i}} \end{bmatrix}},{i = 0},\ldots\mspace{14mu},{N - 1}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 13} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The precoder configuring method according to Formula 9 or Formula 12 may apply differently in accordance with each rank. For instance, the method of Formula 9 is used for a case of a rank equal to or lower than 4 (R≦4). And, the method of Formula 12 may be used for a case of a rank equal to or higher than 5 (R≧5). Alternatively, the method of Formula 9 is used only for a case of a rank 1 (R=1). In other cases (i.e., rank 2 or higher (R≧2)), it may be able to use the method of Formula 12. The W and P mentioned in association with Formula 9 and Formula 12 may be fed back to have the property as shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 Case W/P Frequency One of two matrixes may be configured to be fed back on subband and the granularity 1 other may be configured to be fed back on wideband. Frequency One of two matrixes may be configured to be fed back on nest-M band and granularity 2 the other may be configured to be fed back on wideband. Time One of two matrixes may be configured to be fed back by periods N and the granularity other may be configured to be fed back by periods M. Feedback One of two matrixes may be configured to be fed back on PUSCH and the channel 1 other may be configured to be fed back on PUCCH. Feedback In case of feedback on PUSCH, one (e.g., W) of two matrixes may be channel 2 configured to be fed back on subband and the other (e.g., P) may be configured to be fed back on wideband. In case of feedback on PUCCH, both Q and P may be configured to be fed back on wideband. Unequal One (e.g., P) of two matrixes may be configured to be coded at a more protection reliable rating rate and the other (e.g., W) may be configured to be coded at a relatively low coding rate. Alphabet Alphabet of a matrix W may be configured to be constrained by BPSK and restriction 1 alphabet of a matrix P may be configured to be constrained by QPSK or 8 PSK. Alphabet Alphabet of a matrix W may be configured to be constrained by QPSK and restriction 2 alphabet of a matrix P may be configured to be constrained by QPSK or 8 PSK.

In the following description, a multi-codebook based precoder having the nested property is explained.

First of all, it is able to configure a codebook using the method of Formula 9 and the method of Formula 12 appropriately. Yet, in some cases, it may be impossible to configure a precoder unless using two kinds of combinations. To solve this problem, it may be able to configure and use a precoder as shown in Formula 14.

$\begin{matrix} {{P_{{N_{t} \times N_{t}},n,m} = {{\begin{bmatrix} w_{1} & w_{3} \\ w_{2} & w_{4} \end{bmatrix} \otimes P_{M_{t} \times M_{t}}} = {W_{n} \otimes P_{m}}}},{N_{t} = {2 \cdot M_{t}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 14} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

A precoder for a case that a rank value is equal to the number of Tx antennas (R=N_(t)) is configured using the P_(N) _(t) _(×N) _(t) obtained from Formula 14 and a column subset of the configured precoder may be usable as a precoder for a lower rank. If the precoder is configured in the above manner, the nested property can be met to simplify the CQI calculation. In Formula 14, P_(N) _(t) _(×N) _(t) _(,n,m) indicates the precoder in case of R=N_(t). In this case, for example, a subset configured with 0^(th) and 2^(nd) columns of P_(N) _(t) _(×N) _(t) _(,n,m) may be usable for a precoder for R=2, which can be represented as P_(N) _(t) _(×N) _(t) _(,n,m) (0,2). In this case, P_(M) _(t) _(,M) _(t) may be configured with a rotated DFT matrix or a codebook of another type.

Meanwhile, in order to raise a diversity gain in an open-loop environment, based on the precoder configured in the above manner, it is able to maximize the beam diversity gain by exchanging to use a precoder in accordance with a specific resource. For instance, in case of using the precoder according to the method of Formula 9, a method of applying a precoder in accordance with a specific resource may be represented as Formula 15. P _(N) _(t) _(×R,n,m)(k)=W _(k mod n) _(c)

P _(k mod m) _(c)   [Formula 15]

In Formula 15, k indicates a specific resource region. A precoding matrix for a specific resource region k is determined by such a modulo operation as Formula 15. In this case, n_(c) and m_(c) may indicate a size or subset of a codebook for matrix W and a size or subset of a codebook for a matrix P, respectively.

Like Formula 15, if cycling is applied to each of the two matrixes, complexity may increase despite maximizing a diversity gain. Hence, long-term cycling may be set to be applied to a specific matrix and short-term cycling may be set to be applied to the rest of the matrixes.

For instance, the matrix W may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a physical resource block (PRB) index and the matrix P may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a subframe index. Alternatively, the matrix W may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a subframe index and the matrix P may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a physical resource block (PRB) index.

For another instance, the matrix W may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a physical resource block (PRB) index and the matrix P may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a subband index. Alternatively, the matrix W may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a subband index and the matrix P may be configured to perform a modulo operation in accordance with a physical resource block (PRB) index.

Moreover, a precoder cycling using a modulo operation is applied to one of the two matrixes only and the other may be fixed to use.

Codebook Configuration for 8 Tx Antennas

In the 3GPP LTE Release-10 system having an extended antenna configuration (e.g., 8 Tx antennas), the feedback scheme used by the legacy 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 may be applied in a manner of being extended. For instance, it is able to feed back such channel state information (CSI) as RI (Rank Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Index), CQI (Channel Quality Information) and the like. In the following description, a method of designing a dual precoder based feedback codebook usable for a system supportive of an extended antenna configuration is explained. In the dual precoder based feedback codebook, in order to indicate a precoder to be used for MIMO transmission of a transmitting end, a receiving end may be able to transmit a precoding matrix index (PMI) to the transmitting end. In doing so, a precoding matrix may be indicated by combination of 2 different PMIs. In particular, the receiving end feeds back 2 different PMIs (i.e., 1^(st) PMI and 2^(nd) PMI) to the transmitting end. Subsequently, the transmitting end determines the precoding matrix indicated by the combination of the 1^(st) and 2^(nd) PMIs and is then able to apply the determined precoding matrix to the MIMO transmission.

IN designing the dual precoder based feedback codebook, it may be able to consider 8-Tx antenna MIMO transmission, single user-MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multiple user-MIMO (MU-MIMO) supports, compatibility with various antenna configurations, codebook design references, codebook size and the like.

As a codebook applicable to 8-Tx antenna MIMO transmission, it may be able to consider designing a feedback codebook. In particular, this feedback codebook supports SU-MIMO only in case of a rank higher than 2, is optimized for both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO in case of a rank equal to or lower than 2, and is compatible with various antenna configurations.

In case of MU-MIMO, user equipments participating in MU-MIMO are preferably separated in correlation domain. Hence, the codebook for MU-MIMO needs to be designed to correctly operate on a channel having high correlation. Since DFT vectors provide good performance on a channel having high correlation, it may be able to consider having DFT vector contained in a codebook set of a rank up to a rank-2. In high scattering propagation environment (e.g., an indoor environment having many reflective waves, etc.) capable of producing many space channels, SU-MIMO operation may be preferred as the MIMO transmission scheme. Hence, it may be able to consider designing a codebook for a rank higher than the rank-2 to have god performance in separating multiple layers.

In designing a precoder for MIMO transmission, it is preferable that one precoder structure has good performance for various antenna configurations (e.g., low-correlation, high-correlation, cross-pole, etc.). In arrangement of 8 Tx antennas, a cross-polarized array having an antenna interval of 4λ may be formed in a low-correlation antenna configuration, a ULA having an antenna interval of 0.5λ may be formed in a high-correlation antenna configuration, or a cross-polarized array having an antenna interval of 0.5λ may be formed in a cross-polarized antenna configuration. The DFT based codebook structure may be able to provide good performance for the high-correlation antenna configuration. Meanwhile, block diagonal matrixes may be more suitable for the cross-polarized antenna configuration. Hence, in case that a diagonal matrix is introduced into a codebook for 8 Tx antennas, it is able to configure a codebook that provides god performance for all antenna configurations.

As mentioned in the foregoing description, the codebook design reference is to meet the unitary codebook, the CM property, the constrained alphabet, the proper codebook size, the nested property and the like. This applies to the 3GPP LTE Release-8/9 codebook design. And, it may be able to consider applying such a codebook design reference to the 3GPP LTE Release-10 codebook design supportive of the extended antenna configuration.

Regarding the codebook size, it is necessary to increase the codebook size to sufficiently support the advantage in using 8 Tx antennas. In order to obtain a sufficient precoding gain from 8 Tx antennas in environment with low correlation, a codebook in large size (e.g., a codebook in size over 4 bits for Rank 1 or Rank 2) may be required. In order to obtain a precoding gain in an environment with high correlation, a codebook in 4-bit size may be sufficient. Yet, in order to achieve a multiplexing gain of MU-MIMO, it may be able to increase a codebook size for Rank 1 or Rank 2.

Based on the above description, general structures of a codebook for 8 Tx antennas are explained as follows.

Codebook Structure (1)

In applying multi-granular feedback, a method of configuring a codebook for 8 Tx antennas by combination of 2 base matrixes and a method of configuring the combination of 2 base matrixes using an inner product are described as follows.

First of all, a method of using an inner product of 2 base matrixes may be represented as Formula 16. W={tilde over (W)}₁{tilde over (W)}₂  [Formula 16]

In case that codebook for 8 Tx antennas is represented in form of an inner product, a 1^(st) base matrix may be represented as a diagonal matrix shown in Formula 17 for a co-polarized antenna group.

$\begin{matrix} {{\overset{\sim}{W}}_{1} = {\begin{bmatrix} W_{1} & 0 \\ 0 & W_{1} \end{bmatrix}\left( {W_{1}\text{:}\mspace{20mu} 4 \times N} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 17} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Moreover, in case that a 2^(nd) base matrix is used to adjust a relative phase between polarizations, the 2^(nd) base matrix may be represented using an identity matrix. For an upper rank of a codebook for 8 Tx antennas, the 2^(nd) base matrix may be represented as Formula 18. In Formula 18, a relation between a coefficient ‘1’ of a 1^(st) row of the 2^(nd) base matrix and a coefficient ‘a’ or ‘−a’ of a 2^(nd) row thereof may be able to reflect the adjustment of a relative phase between orthogonal polarizations.

$\begin{matrix} {{\overset{\sim}{W}}_{2} = {\begin{bmatrix} I & I \\ {a\; I} & {{- a}\; I} \end{bmatrix}\left( {I\text{:}\mspace{20mu} N \times N} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 18} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Hence, if the codebook for 8 Tx antennas is represented using the 1^(st) base matrix and the 2^(nd) base matrix, it can be represented as Formula 19.

$\begin{matrix} {W = {{\begin{bmatrix} W_{1} & 0 \\ 0 & W_{1} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} I & I \\ {a\; I} & {{- a}\; I} \end{bmatrix}} = \begin{bmatrix} W_{1} & W_{1} \\ {a\; W_{1}} & {{- a}\; W_{1}} \end{bmatrix}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 19} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The codebook expressed using the inner product like Formula 19 can be simplified into Formula 20 using Kroneker product. W=W ₂

W ₁(W ₁: 4×N,W ₂: 2×M)  [Formula 20]

In Formula 20, a precoding matrix included in a codebook W includes 4*2 rows and N*M columns. Hence, it can be used as a codebook for 8 Tx antennas and transmission of Rank ‘N*M’. For instance, in case of configuring a codebook for 8 Tx antennas and transmission of Rank R, if W₂ is configured with 2×M, a value N for W₁ becomes R/M. For instance, in case of configuring a codebook for 8 Tx antennas and transmission of Rank 4, if W₂ is configured with 2×2 (i.e., M=2) matrix (e.g., the matrix shown in Formula 13), W₁ may apply 4×2 (i.e., N=R/M=4/2=2) matrix (e.g., DFT matrix).

Codebook Structure (2)

Another method of configuring a codebook for 8 Tx antennas by combination of 2 base matrixes is described as follows. Assuming that the 2 base matrixes are set to W1 and W2, respectively, a precoding matrix W for configuring a codebook may be defined in form of W1*W2. For Rank 1 to Rank 8, W1 may be able to have such a form of a block diagonal matrix as

$\begin{bmatrix} X & 0 \\ 0 & X \end{bmatrix}.$

For Rank 1 to Rank 4, X corresponding to a block of a block diagonal matrix W1 may be configured with a matrix in size of 4×Nb. And, 16 4Tx DFT beams can be defined for the X. In this case, beams indexes may be given as 0, 1, 2, . . . , and 15, respectively. For each W1, the adjacent overlapping beams may be usable to reduce an edge effect in frequency-selective precoding. Hence, even if a codebook is configured using the same W1 for an identical or different W2, optimal performance can be secured for several subbands.

For Rank 1 and Rank 2, X corresponding to a block diagonal matrix W1 may be configured with a matrix in size of 4×4 (i.e., Nb=4). For each of Rank 1 and Rank 2, 8 W1 matrixes can be defined. And, one W1 may include beams overlapping with the adjacent W1. In case that beam indexes are given as 0, 1, 2, . . . , and 15, respectively, for example, it is able to configure 8 W1 matrixes, of which beams overlapping with the adjacent W1 matrix, such as {0, 1, 2, 3}, {2, 3, 4, 5}, {4, 5, 6, 7}, {6, 7, 8, 9},{8, 9, 10, 11}, {10, 11, 12, 13}, {12, 13, 14, 15}, and {14, 15, 0, 1}. For instance, a W1 codebook for Rank 1 or Rank 2 may be defined as Formula 21.

$\begin{matrix} {X^{(n)} = {\frac{1}{2} \times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & e^{j\frac{\pi}{4}n} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & e^{{j{(2)}}\frac{\pi}{4}n} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & e^{{j{(3)}}\frac{\pi}{4}n} \end{bmatrix}{\quad{\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & e^{j\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(2)}}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(3)}}\frac{\pi}{8}} \\ 1 & e^{{j{(2)}}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(2)}}{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(3)}}{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} \\ 1 & e^{{j{(3)}}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(2)}}{(3)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{{j{(3)}}{(3)}\frac{\pi}{8}} \end{bmatrix},{n = 0},1,2,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{7W_{1}^{(n)}} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(n)} & 0 \\ 0 & X^{(n)} \end{bmatrix}},{{C\; B_{1}} = \left\{ {W_{1}^{(0)},W_{1}^{(1)},W_{1}^{(2)},\ldots\mspace{14mu},W_{1}^{(7)}} \right\}}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 21} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 21, X(n) corresponding to a block of a block diagonal matrix W1 ^((n)) is defined and a W1 codebook (CB₁) can be configured with 8 different W1's.

Considering the selection and common-phase component of W2, the selection of 4 kinds of different matrixes is possible for Rank 1 and 4 kinds of different QPSK co-phases are applicable for Rank 1. Hence, total 16 W2 matrixes can be defined. For instance, the W2 codebook (CB₂) for Rank 1 can be configured as Formula 22.

$\begin{matrix} {{{W_{2} \in {C\; B_{2}}} = \left\{ {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ Y \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ {j\; Y} \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ {- Y} \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y \\ {{- j}\; Y} \end{bmatrix}}} \right\}}\mspace{79mu}{Y \in \left\{ {\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}} \right\}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 22} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

For Rank 2, the selection of 4 kinds of different matrixes is possible and 2 kinds of different QPSK co-phases are applicable. Hence, total 8 W2 matrixes can be defined. For instance, the W2 codebook (CB₂) for Rank 2 can be configured as Formula 23.

$\begin{matrix} {{{W_{2} \in {C\; B_{2}}} = \left\{ {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y & Y \\ Y & {- Y} \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y & Y \\ {j\; Y} & {{- j}\; Y} \end{bmatrix}}} \right\}}{Y \in \left\{ {\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}} \right\}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 23} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

Subsequently, for Rank 3 and Rank 4, X corresponding to a block diagonal matrix W1 may be configured with a matrix in size of 4×8 (i.e., Nb=8). For each of Rank 3 and Rank 4, 4 W1 matrixes can be defined. And, one W1 may include beams overlapping with the adjacent W1. In case that beam indexes are given as 0, 1, 2, . . . , and 15, respectively, for example, it is able to configure 4 W1 matrixes, of which beams overlapping with the adjacent W1 matrix, such as {0,1,2, . . . ,7}, {4,5,6, . . . ,11}, {8,9,10, . . . ,15}, and {12, . . . ,15,0, . . . ,3}. For instance, a W1 codebook for Rank 3 or Rank 4 may be defined as Formula 24.

$\begin{matrix} {X^{(n)} = {\frac{1}{2} \times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & (j)^{n} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \left( {- 1} \right)^{n} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \left( {- j} \right)^{n} \end{bmatrix}{\quad{\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\ 1 & e^{j\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{j\;{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & \ldots & e^{j\;{(7)}\frac{\pi}{8}} \\ 1 & e^{j\;{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{j\;{(2)}\;{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & \ldots & e^{j\;{(7)}\;{(2)}\frac{\pi}{8}} \\ 1 & e^{j\;{(3)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & e^{j\;{(2)}\;{(3)}\frac{\pi}{8}} & \ldots & e^{j\;{(7)}\;{(3)}\frac{\pi}{8}} \end{bmatrix},{n = 0},1,2,{{3W_{1}^{(n)}} = \begin{bmatrix} X^{(n)} & 0 \\ 0 & X^{(n)} \end{bmatrix}},{{C\; B_{1}} = \left\{ {W_{1}^{(0)},W_{1}^{(1)},W_{1}^{(2)},W_{1}^{(3)}} \right\}}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 24} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 24, X(n) corresponding to a block of a block diagonal matrix W1 ^((n)) is defined and a W1 codebook (CB₁) can be configured with 4 different W1's.

Considering the selection and common-phase component of W2, the selection of 8 kinds of different matrixes is possible for Rank 3 and 2 kinds of different QPSK co-phases are applicable for Rank 3. Hence, total 16 W2 matrixes can be defined. For instance, the W2 codebook (CB₂) for Rank 3 can be configured as Formula 25.

                                     [Formula  25] $\mspace{79mu}{{W_{2} \in {C\; B_{2}}} = \left\{ {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y_{1} & Y_{2} \\ Y_{1} & {- Y_{2}} \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y_{1} & Y_{2} \\ {j\; Y_{1}} & {{- j}\; Y_{2}} \end{bmatrix}}} \right\}}$ $\left( {Y_{1},Y_{2}} \right) \in \mspace{104mu}\left\{ \begin{matrix} \left( {e_{1},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{1} & \left. \left. e_{5} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{2},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{2} & \left. \left. e_{6} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{3},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{3} & \left. \left. e_{7} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{4},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{4} & \left. \left. e_{8} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right. \\ \left( {e_{5},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{1} & \left. \left. e_{5} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{6},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{2} & \left. \left. e_{6} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{7},\left\lbrack {\begin{matrix} e_{3} & \left. \left. e_{7} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix},\left( {e_{8},\left\lbrack \begin{matrix} e_{4} & \left. \left. e_{8} \right\rbrack \right) \end{matrix} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right.} \right. \end{matrix} \right\}$

In Formula 24, e_(n) indicates 8×1 vector, n^(th) element has a value of 1, and the rest of elements mean a selection vector having a value of 0.

For Rank 4, the selection of 4 kinds of different matrixes is possible and 2 kinds of different QPSK co-phases are applicable. Hence, total 8 W2 matrixes can be defined. For instance, the W2 codebook (CB₂) for Rank 4 can be configured as Formula 26.

$\begin{matrix} {{{W_{2} \in {C\; B_{2}}} = \left\{ {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y & Y \\ Y & {- Y} \end{bmatrix}},{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} Y & Y \\ {j\; Y} & {{- j}\; Y} \end{bmatrix}}} \right\}}{Y \in \left\{ {\begin{bmatrix} e_{1} & e_{5} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{2} & e_{6} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{3} & e_{7} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{4} & e_{8} \end{bmatrix}} \right\}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 26} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

For Rank 5 to Rank 8, X corresponding to a block of a block diagonal matrix W1 can be configured with DFT matrix in size of 4×4 and one W1 matrix can be defined. W2 may be defined as a product of a matrix

$\quad\begin{bmatrix} I & I \\ I & {- I} \end{bmatrix}$ and a row selection matrix in a fixed size of 8×r. For Rank 5, since selection of 4 kinds of different matrixes is possible, 4 W2 matrixes can be defined. For Rank 6, since selection of 4 kinds of different matrixes is possible, 4 W2 matrixes can be defined. For Rank 7, since selection of 1 kind of a matrix is possible, one W2 matrix can be defined. For Rank 8, since selection of 1 kind of a matrix is possible, one W2 matrix can be defined. In this case, the matrix

$\quad\begin{bmatrix} I & I \\ I & {- I} \end{bmatrix}$ is introduced to enable all polarized groups for each transmission layer to be identically used and good performance may be expected for a transmission of a high rank having a spatial channel having more scattering. In this case, the I means an identity matrix.

For instance, the W1 codebook or the W2 codebook for Rank 5 to Rank 8 can be defined as Formula 27.

$\begin{matrix} {{{X = {\frac{1}{2} \times \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & j & {- 1} & {- j} \\ 1 & {- 1} & 1 & {- 1} \\ 1 & {- j} & {- 1} & j \end{bmatrix}}},{W_{1} = \begin{bmatrix} X & 0 \\ 0 & X \end{bmatrix}},{{C\; B_{1}} = \left\{ W_{1} \right\}}}{{W_{2} \in {C\; B_{2}}} = \left\{ {{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{bmatrix} I_{4} & I_{4} \\ I_{4} & {- I_{4}} \end{bmatrix}}Y} \right\}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 27} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 27, the W1 codebook for Rank 5 to Rank 8 is configured with one W1 matrix only. I₄ in the W2 codebook for Rank 5 to Rank 8 means an identity matrix in size of 4×4. In Formula 27, a matrix Y can be defined as one of Formula 28 to Formula 31 for example.

The matrix Y for Rank 5 can be defined as Formula 28.

$\begin{matrix} {Y \in \begin{Bmatrix} {\begin{bmatrix} e_{1} & \begin{matrix} e_{2} & e_{3} & e_{4} & e_{5} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{2} & \begin{matrix} e_{3} & e_{4} & e_{5} & e_{6} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},} \\ {\begin{bmatrix} e_{3} & \begin{matrix} e_{4} & e_{5} & e_{6} & e_{7} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{4} & \begin{matrix} e_{5} & e_{6} & e_{7} & e_{8} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix}} \end{Bmatrix}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 28} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The matrix Y for Rank 6 can be defined as Formula 29.

$\begin{matrix} {Y \in \left\{ \begin{matrix} {\begin{bmatrix} e_{1} & \begin{matrix} e_{2} & e_{3} & e_{4} & \begin{matrix} e_{5} & e_{6} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{2} & \begin{matrix} e_{3} & e_{4} & e_{5} & \begin{matrix} e_{6} & e_{7} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},} \\ {\begin{bmatrix} e_{3} & \begin{matrix} e_{4} & e_{5} & e_{6} & \begin{matrix} e_{7} & e_{8} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix},\begin{bmatrix} e_{4} & \begin{matrix} e_{5} & e_{6} & e_{7} & \begin{matrix} e_{8} & e_{1} \end{matrix} \end{matrix} \end{bmatrix}} \end{matrix} \right\}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 29} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

The matrix Y for Rank 7 can be defined as Formula 30. Y=[e₁e₂e₃e₄e₅e₆e₇]  [Formula 30]

The matrix Y for Rank 8 can be defined as Formula 31. Y=I₈  [Formula 31]

In Formula 31, the I₈ means 8×8 identity matrix.

As mentioned in the foregoing description, the numbers of W1's, which can be defined for each of Rank 1 to Rank 8, are added up to result in 28 (=8+8+4+4+1+1+1+1).

Based on the above-mentioned description, explained is a method for a transmitting end to use partial antenna ports in case of transmitting CSI-RS (channel state information reference signal) as a technology based 3D MIMO system in which a 2-dimensional active antenna system (2D-AAS) proposed in the present invention is installed.

Referring to FIG. 24, an antenna system that utilizes AAS is described. After LTE Rel-12, the antenna system utilizing the AAS shown in FIG. 24 has been discussed. Since each antenna in the AAS corresponds to an active antenna including an active circuit, an antenna pattern can be changed depending on a situation. Thus, it is more efficient in reducing interference or performing beamforming. Moreover, if the AAS is established in two dimensions (i.e., 2D-AAS), in aspect of the antenna pattern, a main lobe of the antenna is adjusted more efficiently in 3 dimensions. Thus, it is possible to actively change a transmitting beam depending on a location of the receiving end. Accordingly, the 2D-AAS can be established as a system having multiple antennas in a manner of arranging antennas vertically and horizontally as shown in FIG. 24.

Moreover, if the 2D-AAS is introduced, a transmitting end needs to transmit CSI-RS in order to inform a receiving end of a channel from the transmitting end to the receiving end. In this regard, in the legacy LTE system (i.e., system before LTE/LTE-A release 11), CSI-RS is designed as 2 ports, 4 ports, or 8 ports CSI-RS. In each n-ports CSI-RS, n resource elements should be used in one RB. Thus, if the 2D-AAS has total 64 antennas by arranging 8 antennas in a vertical direction and 8 antennas in a horizontal direction, 64 REs are used in one RB for CSI-RS according to a conventional scheme. In this case, it may cause a problem that CSI-RS overhead increases depending on the number of antennas. To solve the above problem, discussion is ongoing with respect to a method of estimating channels from remaining ports using partial CSI-RS ports.

Hereinafter, for the convenience of the explanation, it is assumed that channels from 2D-AAS to a receiving end may be expressed as Kronecker product as shown in Formula 32.

$\begin{matrix} {H = {\begin{bmatrix} H_{T}^{(1)} \\ H_{T}^{(2)} \\ \vdots \\ H_{T}^{(j)} \\ \vdots \\ H_{T}^{(N_{R})} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} {H_{V}^{(1)} \otimes H_{H}^{(1)}} \\ {H_{V}^{(2)} \otimes H_{H}^{(2)}} \\ \vdots \\ {H_{V}^{(j)} \otimes H_{H}^{(j)}} \\ \vdots \\ {H_{V}^{(N_{R})} \otimes H_{H}^{(N_{R})}} \end{bmatrix}}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 32} \right\rbrack \end{matrix}$

In Formula 32, H means entire channels from a transmitting end to a receiving end and H_(T) ^((j)) means a channel from the transmitting end to j^(th) receiving antenna. H_(V) ^((j)) and H_(H) ^((j)) mean a channel from a vertical direction of an antenna element (or port) to j^(th) antenna in the receiving end and a channel from a horizontal direction of an antenna element (or port) to the j^(th) antenna in the receiving end, respectively. Referring to FIG. 24, H_(V) ^((j)) means a channel from an antenna in A block to the j^(th) antenna in the receiving end on the assumption that there are antennas in A block only. And, H_(H) ^((j)) means a channel from an antenna in B block to the j^(th) antenna in the receiving end on the assumption that there are antennas in B block only.

For the convenience of the explanation, the present invention is described on the assumption that there is one random receiving antenna. Moreover, all processes can be equally applied to a case that there are multiple antennas. In particular, the present invention is described using only a channel from a transmitting end to one random receiving antenna without index (j) as shown in Formula 33. However, Formula 32 is only to explain the present invention and the invention can be also applied to a case that an actual channel is different from Formula 32. H_(T)=H_(V)

H_(H)  [Formula 32]

According to the legacy wireless communication system, two CSI-RSs are configured in a manner of configuring one CSI-RS with N_(V) antenna ports in the vertical direction as A block in FIG. 24 and one CSI-RS with N_(H) antenna ports in the horizontal direction as B block in FIG. 24. After measuring two received CSI-RSs, the receiving end may estimate a channel by performing the Kronecker product on two channel matrices as shown in Formula 32. Here, N_(V) is the number of antennas in the vertical direction and N_(H) is the number of antennas in the horizontal direction. Such a scheme in the legacy wireless communication system has an advantage of informing the receiving end of a channel from 64-port using existing 2, 4 or 8-port CSI-RS only.

However, as it can be seen in FIG. 24, in case of using two 8-port CSI-RSs, one port is repeatedly transmitted since A block overlaps with B block in part. In other words, the receiving end receives a channel from the one port twice. In this case, a scheme of transmitting one 8-port CSI-RS and one 7-port CSI-RS can be considered but it may cause a problem of additionally creating the 7-port CSI-RS, which does not exist in the current LTE.

Therefore, the present invention proposes a method of facilitating channel estimation by using a different antenna port for CSI-RS 1-port, which is repeatedly transmitted since it belongs to the vertical direction of the antenna port and the horizontal direction of the antenna port at the same time as mentioned in the foregoing description. In particular, since the actual channel is not formed in the same manner as Kronecker product operation, the present invention has an advantage of using the remaining CSI-RS 1-port for more accurate channel estimation.

According to the present invention, first of all, k^(th) row is selected from an antenna domain by the transmitting end in the 2D-AAS for the horizontal direction of the antennas. And, l^(th) column is selected from the antenna domain for the vertical direction of the antennas. Both of the k and l may be previously determined between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Alternatively, they may be informed through RRC signaling or CSI-RS configuration.

Thereafter, the transmitting end configures two CSI-RSs. One of them is N_(V)-port CSI-RS (hereinafter referred to as V-CSI-RS) and the other is N_(H)-port CSI-RS (hereinafter referred to as H-CSI-RS). CSI-RS used in the current LTE can be reused since the number of antennas in the vertical direction and the number of antennas in the horizontal direction are assumed to be 1, 2, 4, or 8 in the current LTE system. However, in case of N_(V)=1, only one N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS is configured. And, in case of N_(H)=1, only one N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS is configured. Thus, it is preferred to apply the present invention to a case of N_(V)>1 and N_(H)>1, except a case of N_(V)=1 or N_(H)=1.

According to the present invention, N_(H) antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain may be transmitted through N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V)−1 antenna ports except k^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain may be transmitted through N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS. In this case, one port unused in N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS is used for one among antenna ports unselected from the antenna domain. Moreover, information on one antenna port with respect to the selected specific row (i.e., k^(th) row) may be previously determined between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Alternatively, the information may be informed through RRC signaling or CSI-RS configuration.

FIG. 25 is a reference diagram to describe a method of transmitting CSI-RS according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 25, the number of antennas in the vertical direction and the number of antennas in the horizontal direction are 4, respectively. And, the total number of ports is 16 For example, after designating two 4-port CSI-RSs, a transmitter transmits antenna ports in a 2^(nd) row through 4-pot H-CSI-RS and antenna ports among antenna ports in a 2^(nd) column except a 2^(nd) antenna port though 4-port V-CSI-RS.

In this case, one port unused in V-CSI-RS may transmit CSI-RS with respect to a specific antenna port among the rest of antenna ports, which are not transmitted through H-CSI-RS and V-CSI-RS in an entire domain antenna configuration of the antenna domain. FIG. 24 illustrates an example of using it for an antenna port corresponding to (4, 4) location. However, in some cases, CSI-RS with respect to a specific antenna port configured through preset standard/RRC signaling may be transmitted. For example, it may be configured to transmit CSI-RS with respect to an antenna port having a lowest correlation with a selected antenna port or CSI-RS with respect to an antenna port, which is physically located farthest away from selected antennas.

Moreover, according to the present invention, CSI-RS 1-port, which is supposed to be transmitted repeatedly, is not transmitted. Instead, power boosting can be performed on CSI-RS having non-transmitted CSI-RS port as much as transmission power used for transmitting the CSI-RS 1-port.

In particular, N_(H) antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V)−1 antenna ports except the k^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS. In this case, the power can be reduced since CDM (code division multiplexing) is performed on N_(V)−1 ports instead of N_(V) ports in N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS transmission. Thus, in the case of transmitting N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS, CDM is performed on N_(V)−1 ports and power boosting is performed as much as when CDM is performed on N_(V) ports.

More particularly, it is currently configured that CDM is performed on CSI-RS in a manner of making a bundle of two REs. Thus, if CDM is performed on N_(V)−1 ports using N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS, half of power may be used in some two REs. Therefore, in this case, two REs having the reduced power may be transmitted using double power or all the REs used in V-CSI-RS may be power-boosted as much as

$\sqrt{\frac{N_{V}}{N_{V} - 1}}.$

Moreover, since UE knows which CSI-RS transmits one less port, the UE is able to estimate how much power is used for CSI-RS power boosting.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, when an actual channel is significantly different from the Kronecker product form of the channel shown in Formula 32, the transmitter may use two CSI-RSs corresponding to N_(A)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(B)-port V-CSI-RS. In this case, N_(A) and N_(B) needs to satisfy conditions of N_(A)≧N_(H) and N_(B)≧N_(V), respectively. These conditions means that the number of ports defined for H-CSI-RS port is equal to or greater than the number of antennas in the horizontal direction and the number of ports defined for V-CSI-RS port is equal to or greater than the number of antennas in the vertical direction.

Thus, N_(H) antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(A)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V)−1 antenna ports except the k^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(B)-port V-CSI-RS. And, N_(A)−N_(H) ports unused in H-CSI-RS and N_(B)−N_(V)+1 ports unused in V-CSI-RS are used for N_(A)−N_(H)+N_(B)−N_(V)+1 ports among ports unused as CSI-RS in the antenna domain.

Information on N_(A)−N_(H)+N_(B)−N_(V)+1 antenna ports may be previously determined between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Alternatively, the information may be informed through RRC signaling or CSI-RS configuration.

Moreover, the present invention can be applied to a case that N_(H) ⁻¹ antenna ports except l^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V) antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N^(V)-port V-CSI-RS. In this case, one port unused in N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS may transmit CSI-RS with respect to a specific antenna port among the rest of antenna ports, which are not transmitted through H-CSI-RS and V-CSI-RS in an entire domain antenna configuration of the antenna domain. Further, information on one antenna port with respect to the selected specific row (i.e., k^(th) row) may be previously determined between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Alternatively, the information may be informed through RRC signaling or CSI-RS configuration.

The power boosting may be performed when N_(H)−1 antenna ports except l^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V) antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(V)-port V-CSI-RS. In particular, the power can be reduced since CDM is performed on N_(H)−1 ports instead of N_(H) ports in N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS transmission. In other words, in the case of transmitting N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS, CDM is performed on N_(H)−1 ports and power boosting is performed as much as when CDM is performed on N_(H) ports.

More particularly, it is currently configured that CDM is performed on CSI-RS in a manner of making a bundle of two REs. Thus, if CDM is performed on N_(H)−1 ports using N_(H)-port H-CSI-RS, half of power may be used in some two REs. Therefore, in this case, two REs having the reduced power may be transmitted using double power or all the REs used in H-CSI-RS may be power-boosted as much as

$\sqrt{\frac{N_{H}}{N_{H} - 1}}.$

As mentioned in the foregoing description, since UE knows which CSI-RS transmits one less port, the UE is able to estimate how much power is used for CSI-RS power boosting.

In addition, according to the present invention, when an actual channel is significantly different from the Kronecker product form of the channel shown in Formula 32, the transmitter may use two CSI-RSs corresponding to N_(A)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(B)-port V-CSI-RS. In this case, N_(A) and N_(B) needs to satisfy conditions of N_(A)≧N_(H) and N_(B)≧N_(v), respectively.

Therefore, N_(H)−1 antenna ports except l^(th) antenna port among antenna ports in the k^(th) row selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(A)-port H-CSI-RS and N_(V) antenna ports in the l^(th) column selected from the antenna domain are transmitted through N_(B)-port V-CSI-RS. And, N_(A)N_(H)−1 ports unused in H-CSI-RS and N_(B)-N_(V) ports unused in V-CSI-RS are used for N_(A)−N_(H)+N_(B)−N_(V)+1 ports among ports unused as CSI-RS in the antenna domain.

Information on N_(A)−N_(H)+N_(B)−N_(V)+1 antenna ports may be previously determined between the transmitting end and the receiving end. Alternatively, the information may be informed through RRC signaling or CSI-RS configuration.

FIG. 26 is a diagram for configurations of a base station device and a user equipment device according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 26, a base station device 2610 according to the present invention may include a receiving module 2611, a transmitting module 2612, a processor 2613, a memory 2614 and a plurality of antennas 2615. In this case, a plurality of the antennas 2615 may mean a base station device that supports MIMO transmission and reception. The receiving module 2611 may receive various signals, data, information and the like in uplink from a user equipment. The transmitting module 2612 may transmit various signals, data, information and the like in downlink to the user equipment. Moreover, the processor 2613 may be configured to control overall operations of the base station device 2610.

The base station device 2510 according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to transmit a DL signal. And, the memory 2614 of the base station device 2610 may store codebook including precoding matrixes. The processor 2613 of the base station device 2610 may be configured to receive 1st PMI (precoding matrix indicator) and 2nd PMI from the user equipment through the receiving module 2611. The processor 2613 may be configured to determine a 1st matrix (W1) from 1st codebook including the precoding matrixes indicated by the 1st PMI and determine a 2nd matrix (W2) from 2nd codebook including the precoding matrixes indicated by the 2nd PMI. The processor 2613 may be configured to determine a precoding matrix (W) based on the 1st matrix (W1) and the 2nd matrix (W2). The processor 2613 may be configured to perform precoding on at least one layer, to which the DL signal is mapped, using the determined precoding matrix (W). The processor 2613 may be configured to transmit the precoded signal to the user equipment through the transmitting module 2612. In this case, each of the precoding matrixes included in the 1st codebook includes a block diagonal matrix. And, one block may have a form multiplied by a prescribed phase value, which is different from a different block.

The processor 2613 of the base station device 2610 performs a function of processing information received by the base station device 2610, information to be externally transmitted and the like. The memory 2614 may store the processed information and the like for prescribed duration and be substituted with such a component as a buffer (not shown in the drawing) or the like.

Referring to FIG. 26, a user equipment device 2620 according to the present invention may include a receiving module 2621, a transmitting module 2622, a processor 2623, a memory 2624 and a plurality of antennas 2625. In this case, a plurality of the antennas 2625 may mean a user equipment device that supports MIMO transmission and reception. The receiving module 2621 may receive various signals, data, information and the like in downlink from a base station. The transmitting module 2622 may transmit various signals, data, information and the like in uplink to the base station. Moreover, the processor 2623 may be configured to control overall operations of the user equipment device 2620.

The user equipment device 2620 according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to receive and process a DL signal. And, the memory 2624 of the user equipment device 2620 may store codebook including precoding matrixes. The processor 2623 of the user equipment device 2620 may be configured to transmit 1st PMI (precoding matrix indicator) and 2nd PMI to the base station through the transmitting module 2622. The processor 2623 may be configured to receive the DL signal through the receiving module 2621. In this case, the DL signal received by the user equipment corresponds to the DL signal precoded by the base station using the precoding matrix (W). In particular, the precoding may be performed by the base station on at least one layer to which the DL signal is mapped. In this case, the precoding matrix (W) may be determined based on the 1st matrix (W1) determined from the 1st codebook including the precoding matrixes indicated by the 1st PMI and the 2nd matrix (W2) determined from the 2nd codebook including the precoding matrixes indicated by the 2nd PMI. The processor 2613 may be configured to determine a precoding matrix (W) based on the 1st matrix (W1) and the 2nd matrix (W2). The processor 2613 may be configured to process the received DL signal using the determined precoding matrix (W). In this case, each of the precoding matrixes included in the 1st codebook includes a block diagonal matrix. And, one block may have a form multiplied by a prescribed phase value, which is different from a different block.

The processor 2623 of the user equipment device 2620 performs a function of processing information received by the user equipment device 2620, information to be externally transmitted and the like. The memory 2624 may store the processed information and the like for prescribed duration and be substituted with such a component as a buffer (not shown in the drawing) or the like.

The detailed configurations of the base station device and the user equipment device mentioned in the above description may be implemented in a manner that the matters of various embodiments of the present invention mentioned in the foregoing description are independently applied or that at least two embodiments of the present invention are simultaneously applied. And, redundant contents may be omitted for clarity.

In the description with reference to FIG. 26, the description of the base station device 2610 may be identically applicable to a relay device as a downlink transmission entity or an uplink reception entity. And, the description of the user equipment device 2620 may be identically applicable to a relay device as a downlink reception entity or an uplink transmission entity.

The embodiments of the present invention may be implemented using various means. For instance, the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented using hardware, firmware, software and/or any combinations thereof.

In case of the implementation by hardware, a method according to each embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by at least one selected from the group consisting of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor and the like.

In case of the implementation by firmware or software, a method according to each embodiment of the present invention can be implemented by modules, procedures, and/or functions for performing the above-explained functions or operations. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and may be then drivable by a processor. The memory unit may be provided within or outside the processor to exchange data with the processor through the various means known to the public.

As mentioned in the foregoing description, the detailed descriptions for the preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided to be implemented by those skilled in the art. While the present invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the respective configurations disclosed in the aforesaid embodiments of the present invention can be used by those skilled in the art in a manner of being combined with one another. Therefore, the present invention is non-limited by the embodiments disclosed herein but intends to give a broadest scope matching the principles and new features disclosed herein.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention. Thus, the above embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims and the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. The present invention is non-limited by the embodiments disclosed herein but intends to give a broadest scope matching the principles and new features disclosed herein. And, it is apparently understandable that an embodiment is configured by combining claims failing to have relation of explicit citation in the appended claims together or can be included as new claims by amendment after filing an application.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Although a method and apparatus for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas are mainly described with reference to the examples of applying to 3GPP LTE system, as mentioned in the foregoing description, the present invention is applicable to various kinds of wireless communication systems as well as to the 3GPP LTE system. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of transmitting a reference signal by a transmitting end in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, the method comprising: transmitting a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas and a specific antenna port, wherein the specific antenna port is selected from antenna ports among antenna ports included in the multiple antennas except the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 1^(st) domain antennas correspond to either vertical antennas or horizontal antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) domain antennas correspond to either the vertical antennas or the horizontal antennas, and wherein the 1^(st) domain antennas are different from the 2^(nd) domain antennas.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1^(st) reference signal and the 2^(nd) reference signal are used by a receiving end to restore entire channels of the multiple antennas through a Kronecker product.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas are configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
 5. A method of transmitting a reference signal by a transmitting end in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, the method comprising: transmitting a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas, and wherein transmission power of resource elements (REs) having the 2^(nd) reference signal mapped thereto is power-boosted by as much as $\sqrt{\frac{N}{N - 1}},$ where N is the number of antennas belonging to both of the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas.
 6. A transmitter for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, the transmitter comprising: a radio frequency unit; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to control the radio frequency unit to transmit a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas and a specific antenna port, wherein the specific antenna port is selected from antenna ports among antenna ports included in the multiple antennas except the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 1^(st) domain antennas correspond to either vertical antennas or horizontal antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) domain antennas correspond to either the vertical antennas or the horizontal antennas, and wherein the 1^(st) domain antennas are different from the 2^(nd) domain antennas.
 7. A transmitter for transmitting a reference signal in a wireless communication system supporting multiple antennas, the transmitter comprising: a radio frequency unit; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to control the radio frequency unit to transmit a 1^(st) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 1^(st) domain antennas and a 2^(nd) reference signal with respect to a multitude of 2^(nd) domain antennas, wherein the 2^(nd) reference signal is used for antennas among the 2^(nd) domain antennas except an antenna belonging to the 1^(st) domain antennas, and wherein transmission power of resource elements (REs) having the 2^(nd) reference signal mapped thereto is power-boosted by as much as $\sqrt{\frac{N}{N - 1}},$ where N is the number of antennas belonging to both of the 1^(st) domain antennas and the 2^(nd) domain antennas. 